Medically Reviewed by Dr. Vijay Kumar Sohanlal, MBBS, MS (Orthopaedics), Orthopaedic & Joint Replacement Surgeon, Founder & Owner of MAHI Multispeciality Hospitals, Kilpauk, Chennai
Last medically reviewed: October 2026
Knee pain is a common musculoskeletal problem that can affect people of different age groups. It may result from arthritis, an injury, or gradual wear and tear of the joint. Persistent knee pain can affect mobility, independence, and daily activities. In Chennai, people experiencing ongoing knee discomfort may consult an orthopaedic surgeon in Kilpauk to understand the cause of their symptoms and explore suitable treatment options.
Orthopaedic treatment for knee conditions may include physiotherapy, medication, lifestyle changes, injections where appropriate, or surgery. Knee replacement surgery may be considered when joint damage is severe and non-surgical treatments no longer provide sufficient relief. Early assessment can help identify the underlying condition and determine an appropriate treatment plan.
Patients looking for a knee doctor in Egmore or a knee specialist in Purasawalkam can consult an orthopaedic specialist for an evaluation based on their symptoms, medical history, and diagnostic findings.
Common Causes of Knee Pain
Knee pain can develop gradually or occur suddenly following an injury. Identifying the underlying cause is important because treatment varies depending on the condition.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a common cause of knee pain, particularly among older adults. It occurs when the cartilage covering the joint surfaces gradually wears down. Symptoms may include pain during movement, stiffness, swelling, and reduced flexibility. Age, excess body weight, family history, previous injuries, and repetitive joint stress may contribute to its development.
Ligament Injuries
Ligament injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, may occur during sports or other physical activities. Sudden changes in direction, awkward landings, or direct impacts can damage the ligaments that stabilise the knee. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and a feeling of instability.
Meniscus Tears
The meniscus is cartilage that cushions the space between the thighbone and shinbone. A twisting movement or age-related changes can cause a tear. Patients may experience pain, swelling, difficulty bending or straightening the knee, or a catching sensation during movement.
Knee Replacement Surgeon in Kilpauk
Dr. Vijay Kumar Sohanlal
Dr. Vijay Kumar Sohanlal is an orthopaedic and joint replacement surgeon associated with MAHI Multispeciality Hospital in Kilpauk, Chennai. His clinical practice includes the assessment and treatment of knee and hip conditions, including cases in which joint replacement may be considered.
His areas of practice include robotic-assisted knee replacement, hip replacement, revision joint replacement, arthroscopy, and sports-related orthopaedic conditions. The suitability of each treatment depends on the patient’s diagnosis, joint condition, and overall health.
Patients can discuss their symptoms, diagnostic reports, available treatment options, and expected recovery with Dr. Vijay Kumar Sohanlal before making a treatment decisio
Approach to patient care
- Clear communication about the diagnosis and treatment plan
- Explanation of available surgical and non-surgical options
- Individualised treatment planning
- Post-operative monitoring and rehabilitation guidance
Areas of practice
- Robotic-assisted knee replacement surgery
- Robotic-assisted hip replacement surgery
- Joint reconstruction and revision procedures
- Selected minimally invasive orthopaedic procedures
Qualifications and training
The doctor’s verified qualifications, fellowship details, and professional training should be listed accurately in this section. Any references to training in Mumbai, Germany, and Australia should be supported by the corresponding credentials.
Location
Dr. Vijay Kumar Sohanlal is associated with MAHI Multispeciality Hospital in Kilpauk, Chennai. Patients can contact the hospital to enquire about consultations and available orthopaedic services.
Types of Knee Replacement Surgery
Total Knee Replacement
Total knee replacement may be recommended when arthritis or other damage affects most of the knee joint. During the procedure, the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and a small amount of underlying bone from the joint surfaces. Artificial components are then placed to restore the joint’s articulating surfaces.
A medical-grade plastic spacer allows the components to move against each other. Depending on the patient’s condition, the surgeon may also resurface the back of the kneecap.
Recovery involves pain management, gradual mobilisation, and physiotherapy. The duration and outcome vary according to the patient’s health, the extent of joint damage, and rehabilitation progress.
Partial Knee Replacement
Partial knee replacement may be suitable when damage is limited to one compartment of the knee. The procedure replaces only the affected portion, preserving more of the natural bone and surrounding tissues.
Some patients may experience a shorter hospital stay and recovery period compared with total knee replacement. However, suitability depends on the location of the damage, the condition of the ligaments, and the presence of arthritis in other parts of the joint.
An orthopaedic surgeon can assess imaging results and symptoms before recommending this procedure.
Revision Knee Replacement
Revision knee replacement is performed when a previous knee implant develops problems such as loosening, wear, infection, or instability. The procedure may involve removing the existing implant and addressing bone loss before placing new components.
Revision surgery can be more complex than the initial procedure. The treatment plan depends on the cause of the problem, the condition of the surrounding bone, and the patient’s general health.
Patients who experience persistent pain, swelling, or instability following an earlier knee replacement should undergo an appropriate medical assessment.
When to Consider Knee Replacement Surgery
Knee replacement surgery may be considered when joint damage causes persistent symptoms that interfere with daily activities and other treatments have not provided adequate relief.
Symptoms that warrant an orthopaedic assessment include:
- Persistent knee pain, including pain at rest
- Difficulty walking, standing, or climbing stairs
- Ongoing swelling and stiffness
- Changes in knee alignment or deformity
- Limited improvement with appropriate non-surgical treatments
These symptoms do not automatically mean surgery is necessary. A clinical examination and appropriate investigations help determine the cause of the pain and the most suitable treatment.
Knee Replacement Procedure
Understanding the stages of knee replacement surgery can help patients prepare for treatment and recovery. The process generally includes pre-operative assessment, surgery, hospital recovery, and rehabilitation.
Pre-operative Assessment
Before surgery, the medical team reviews the patient’s symptoms, medical history, current medications, and general health. X-rays are commonly used to assess joint damage, while additional investigations may be recommended when clinically necessary.
Blood tests, an electrocardiogram, and other assessments may be required to evaluate fitness for surgery and anaesthesia. The anaesthesiologist discusses suitable anaesthesia options based on the patient’s health and the planned procedure.
Patients should inform the medical team about existing conditions, allergies, previous surgeries, and all medications they take. They should follow the treating team’s instructions regarding medication adjustments and fasting.
On the Day of Surgery
After admission and the required preparations, the patient is taken to the operating theatre. Knee replacement surgery commonly takes around one to two hours, although the duration varies according to the complexity of the procedure.
The surgeon removes the damaged joint surfaces and positions the selected implant components. These may be secured using bone cement or an appropriate cementless technique, depending on the implant and the patient’s bone condition.
After checking the implant’s positioning and joint movement, the surgical wound is closed. The patient is then monitored in the recovery area before being transferred to the hospital room when appropriate.
Knee Replacement Recovery Timeline
Recovery differs between patients. The following timeline is a general guide rather than a guaranteed schedule.
First 1–2 days: Patients may begin sitting, standing, and walking short distances with assistance, depending on their condition and the medical team’s advice.
Weeks 1–2: Wound care, prescribed medication, mobility exercises, and physiotherapy form important parts of recovery. Discharge timing depends on the patient’s progress and care requirements.
Weeks 4–6: Many patients gradually improve their walking ability and independence with everyday activities. Mobility aids may still be needed by some individuals.
Around 3 months: Some patients resume more daily activities, light work, or driving when medically cleared.
6–12 months: Strength, mobility, and function may continue to improve. Recovery depends on the patient’s health, rehabilitation, and any complications.
Patients should follow their surgeon’s instructions and avoid returning to activities before they are ready.
Physiotherapy After Knee Replacement
Physiotherapy supports recovery by helping patients improve knee movement, muscle strength, balance, and walking ability. Exercises may begin during the hospital stay, depending on the patient’s condition.
The initial programme may focus on gentle knee movement, circulation, and safe mobilisation. Later sessions may include strengthening exercises for the quadriceps and hamstrings, balance training, and activities that support daily function.
Some discomfort and stiffness can occur during rehabilitation. Patients should follow the prescribed exercise programme and discuss unusual pain, increasing swelling, or other concerns with their healthcare team.
Risks and Complications of Knee Replacement
Knee replacement is an established surgical procedure, but it carries potential risks. Patients should discuss their individual risk factors and expected benefits with their surgeon before making a decision.
Blood Clots
Blood clots may develop in the deep veins of the legs after surgery. Depending on the patient’s risk, preventive measures may include medication, compression devices, and early mobilisation.
Infection
An infection can occur at the surgical site or, less commonly, around the implant. Preventive measures include appropriate surgical protocols, antibiotics when indicated, and wound-care instructions.
Implant Wear or Loosening
Artificial components may wear or loosen over time. The likelihood and timing depend on factors such as implant characteristics, activity levels, and the patient’s individual circumstances.
Knee Stiffness
Some patients experience reduced knee movement during recovery. Physiotherapy helps improve flexibility and function. Further treatment may be considered if stiffness persists.
Nerve or Blood Vessel Injury
Injury to nearby nerves or blood vessels is uncommon but possible. The surgical team takes precautions to reduce this risk.
Persistent Pain
Some patients continue to experience pain after surgery. Further assessment may be needed to identify possible causes and guide treatment.
Patients should seek prompt medical advice if they experience concerning symptoms during recovery, including fever, wound discharge, sudden leg swelling, or worsening pain.
Common Signs of Knee Joint Damage
Persistent knee symptoms may indicate arthritis, an injury, or another joint condition. An orthopaedic assessment can help identify the cause and determine whether non-surgical treatment or surgery may be appropriate.
Persistent Pain While Walking or Standing
Pain during walking, standing, or other daily activities may occur when the joint is damaged or inflamed. An assessment can help establish whether the symptoms are related to arthritis, an injury, or another condition.
Difficulty Climbing Stairs
Pain or instability while climbing stairs can be associated with knee arthritis, muscle weakness, or ligament problems. A clinical examination can help determine the underlying cause.
Morning or Post-rest Stiffness
Knee stiffness after waking up or sitting for an extended period may occur with osteoarthritis and other joint conditions. The duration and severity of stiffness can provide useful information during an assessment.
Persistent Knee Swelling
Swelling may result from inflammation, cartilage damage, injury, or fluid accumulation. Recurrent or persistent swelling should be assessed by a healthcare professional.
Night Pain and Sleep Disturbance
Knee pain that interferes with sleep may occur in people with advanced arthritis or other joint problems. Persistent night pain warrants medical assessment.
Difficulty With Everyday Activities
Problems with walking, standing, sitting, or getting up from a chair can indicate reduced joint function. Assessment can help determine the cause and identify suitable treatment options.
Why Orthopaedic Evaluation Matters
Early evaluation can help identify the cause of knee pain and establish an appropriate treatment plan. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may involve medication, physiotherapy, lifestyle changes, injections, or surgery. Knee replacement is generally considered when symptoms and joint damage justify the procedure.
Patients in Kilpauk, Egmore, Purasawalkam, and nearby areas can enquire about orthopaedic consultations at MAHI Hospitals.
Benefits and Possible Risks of Knee Replacement
Knee replacement may be considered when severe joint damage causes ongoing pain and limits daily activities. Understanding the potential benefits and risks helps patients make informed decisions with their healthcare team.
Potential Benefits
Reduced knee pain: Many patients experience a reduction in pain following surgery, although the degree of relief varies.
Improved mobility: Rehabilitation and healing may help patients walk and perform daily activities more comfortably.
Improved daily function: Some patients find activities such as standing, using stairs, and walking outdoors easier after recovery.
Support for independence: Improved mobility may help patients manage everyday routines with less assistance.
Possible Risks and Recovery Challenges
Infection and blood clots: These complications require preventive measures and appropriate medical management.
Swelling and stiffness: Temporary discomfort and restricted movement may occur during recovery.
Implant-related complications: Wear, loosening, or other implant problems may require further assessment or treatment.
Need for rehabilitation: Physiotherapy and follow-up appointments are important for monitoring progress and improving joint function.
The outcome depends on the patient’s condition, the procedure performed, and recovery progress. Surgery cannot guarantee complete pain relief or a return to every previous activity.
Success and Long-term Outcomes of Knee Replacement Surgery
Knee replacement can reduce pain and improve function in many patients with advanced arthritis. However, individual outcomes vary, and no specific result can be guaranteed.
The lifespan of an implant depends on factors such as the implant design, surgical factors, patient activity, and general health. Some implants continue functioning for many years, while others may require revision because of wear, loosening, infection, or other complications.
Patients should discuss expected outcomes, potential limitations, and long-term follow-up with their surgeon. Regular reviews and adherence to rehabilitation and activity recommendations can support ongoing joint function.
At MAHI Hospitals, patients can discuss the procedure, recovery expectations, and follow-up arrangements with the treating team before deciding whether to proceed with surgery.
Robotic-assisted Knee Replacement vs Conventional Surgery
Robotic-assisted and conventional knee replacement are surgical approaches used to replace damaged knee joint surfaces. The choice depends on the patient’s anatomy, the extent of joint damage, the available technology, and the surgeon’s clinical assessment.
Conventional Knee Replacement
Conventional knee replacement uses surgical instruments and established techniques to remove damaged joint surfaces and position the implant. It has a long history of clinical use.
Robotic-assisted Knee Replacement
Robotic-assisted knee replacement uses a computer-guided system to help the surgeon plan and perform selected parts of the procedure. Depending on the system, it may provide information about bone preparation, alignment, and implant positioning.
Potential advantages and limitations vary by technology and patient. Robotic assistance does not replace the surgeon’s judgement, and it does not guarantee less pain, faster recovery, or better long-term outcomes for every patient.
Patients should discuss both approaches, including their suitability, potential risks, and costs, with the treating surgeon.
Cost of Knee Replacement Surgery in Chennai
The cost of knee replacement surgery in Chennai varies according to the type of procedure and the patient’s medical needs.
Factors that may affect the overall cost include:
- Total, partial, or revision knee replacement
- Surgery on one knee or both knees
- Implant type and materials
- Conventional or robotic-assisted surgical approach
- Pre-operative investigations and medical assessments
- Hospital stay, medication, and rehabilitation
- Additional treatment required because of medical conditions or complications
Patients can contact MAHI Hospitals to enquire about the estimated cost, inclusions, insurance requirements, and payment arrangements. A personalised estimate can be provided after the planned procedure and individual care requirements have been assessed.
Conclusion
Persistent knee pain can affect mobility, sleep, and everyday activities. An orthopaedic assessment can help identify the cause of the symptoms and determine whether treatment should involve physiotherapy, medication, lifestyle changes, or surgery.
Knee replacement may be an option for patients with significant joint damage who have not obtained sufficient relief from non-surgical treatments. The decision should be based on the patient’s symptoms, diagnostic findings, overall health, and treatment goals.
Dr. Vijay Kumar Sohanlal is associated with MAHI Multispeciality Hospital in Kilpauk, Chennai, where patients can enquire about consultations for knee and joint conditions. A consultation can help patients understand their diagnosis, available treatment options, possible risks, and expected recovery before deciding on the next steps.
Book an Appointment
Contact MAHI Hospitals to enquire about an orthopaedic consultation.