Knee Replacement Surgery

Knee replacement surgery involves replacing damaged portions of the knee joint with artificial components designed to support joint movement and function. Depending on the extent of joint damage, a surgeon may recommend a total knee replacement or a partial knee replacement.

The choice of procedure depends on the affected areas of the knee, the condition of the surrounding ligaments and bone, the patient's general health, and individual treatment needs.

An orthopaedic evaluation may be appropriate when a person experiences:

• Persistent knee pain that affects everyday activities.
• Stiffness or reduced knee movement.
• Difficulty walking or climbing stairs.
• Knee pain that interferes with sleep or routine activities.
• Limited improvement with suitable non-surgical treatments.

These symptoms do not automatically mean surgery is necessary. A specialist will assess the symptoms, medical history, physical examination findings, and imaging results before discussing treatment options.

• Total knee replacement: Damaged joint surfaces are replaced across the main parts of the knee joint.
• Partial knee replacement: Only the affected compartment of the knee is replaced when the damage and other clinical findings make this option suitable.
  

The recommended procedure depends on the extent and location of joint damage and the patient's individual circumstances.

Treatment planning generally involves reviewing the patient's medical history, examining the knee, assessing mobility, and reviewing X-rays or other investigations when indicated. The doctor may also consider existing medical conditions, current medications, anaesthesia requirements, and potential surgical risks.

Where appropriate, non-surgical options such as physiotherapy, activity modification, weight management, or medication may be discussed before surgery is considered.

The patient should have an opportunity to understand the expected benefits, possible complications, alternatives, and rehabilitation requirements before making an informed decision.

Recovery varies from person to person. It depends on factors such as general health, muscle strength, the type of procedure, and progress during rehabilitation.

A post-operative care plan may include pain management, wound care, assisted mobilisation, prescribed exercises, and physiotherapy. Follow-up appointments help the treating team monitor healing, knee movement, and recovery.

Some patients resume routine activities gradually over several weeks, while full recovery may take several months. Individual recovery timelines and outcomes cannot be guaranteed.

Knee replacement is a major surgical procedure and carries potential risks. These may include infection, blood clots, bleeding, stiffness, persistent pain, nerve or blood vessel injury, implant wear, loosening, and the possible need for further surgery.

The likelihood of complications varies according to individual health factors and the circumstances of the procedure. Patients should discuss their personal risk factors and precautions with their treating team.

MAHI Hospitals in Kilpauk provides orthopaedic consultations for people experiencing knee pain, arthritis, and mobility difficulties. Dr. Vijay Kumar Sohanlal  is an orthopaedic and joint replacement surgeon associated with the hospital.

An individual consultation can help clarify the cause of symptoms, determine whether surgery may be appropriate, and explain available treatment options. The decision to proceed with knee replacement should be based on clinical assessment and shared decision-making between the patient and treating doctor.