Total Knee Replacement in Chennai

Total knee replacement, also called total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which damaged joint surfaces are replaced with artificial components. These components are designed to allow the knee to move while reducing contact between damaged joint surfaces.
The procedure commonly involves removing damaged cartilage and a small amount of underlying bone from the ends of the thighbone and shinbone. Artificial components are then positioned to form a new joint surface. The precise surgical technique and implant selection depend on the patient's anatomy and clinical needs.
Despite its name, the procedure does not usually replace the entire knee joint. The surgeon evaluates which joint surfaces need treatment and whether the kneecap requires resurfacing.

An orthopaedic surgeon may discuss total knee replacement when knee problems significantly affect daily life and other appropriate treatments have not provided sufficient relief.

Symptoms and circumstances that may prompt an assessment include:

• Persistent knee pain during walking, standing or everyday activities.
• Stiffness that restricts knee movement.
• Difficulty climbing stairs or getting up from a chair.
• Changes in walking ability because of knee pain.
• Knee arthritis confirmed through clinical assessment and appropriate imaging.
• Limited improvement with suitable non-surgical treatments.

These symptoms do not automatically mean surgery is necessary. Depending on the diagnosis and severity, treatment may include exercise, physiotherapy, activity modification, weight management where appropriate, medication or other options. The potential benefits and limitations of each approach should be discussed with the treating clinician.

The surgical plan is based on the patient's condition and the surgeon's assessment. The procedure generally involves the following stages:

1. Preoperative assessment

The clinical team reviews the patient's symptoms, medical history, medicines, imaging and general health. Blood tests or other investigations may be required to assess surgical fitness and identify factors that could affect recovery.

2. Anaesthesia and preparation

The anaesthesia team discusses appropriate anaesthesia and pain-management options. The surgical team prepares the patient and the operative area according to clinical protocols.

3. Replacement of damaged joint surfaces

The surgeon removes the damaged joint surfaces and positions the selected artificial components. Alignment, stability and movement are assessed during the procedure.

4. Early movement and rehabilitation

After surgery, the team monitors the patient's recovery and begins movement and rehabilitation when clinically appropriate. The timing and level of activity depend on the patient's condition and the treating team's instructions.

No. Total knee replacement is not necessary or suitable for every person with knee pain. The decision depends on the diagnosis, severity of symptoms, effect on daily activities, response to other treatments, overall health and individual goals.

Age alone does not determine whether someone can undergo surgery. Other factors, including medical conditions, infection risk, bone health and the ability to participate in rehabilitation, may influence the treatment plan.

Patients should discuss the expected benefits, possible limitations, alternatives and recovery requirements with their orthopaedic surgeon before making a decision.

• Like other major operations, total knee replacement carries risks. These may include:
  • Infection.
  • Blood clots.
  • Bleeding or wound-healing problems.
  • Stiffness or persistent pain.
  • Nerve or blood vessel injury.
  • Problems with implant position, wear or loosening.
  • The possibility of further surgery in the future.

  The likelihood of complications varies according to individual health factors and the circumstances of the procedure. The treating team should explain the risks relevant to each patient, along with measures used to reduce and monitor them.

Recovery varies from person to person. Many patients begin supervised movement and walking with assistance soon after surgery, when medically appropriate. A physiotherapist may guide exercises to improve knee movement, strength, balance and walking ability.

Recovery may involve:

• Following the prescribed exercise and walking plan.
• Taking medicines as directed.
• Caring for the wound and attending follow-up appointments.
• Gradually increasing activity according to clinical advice.
• Reporting unusual swelling, increasing pain or other concerning symptoms.

Driving, returning to work, climbing stairs and resuming other activities depend on progress, the nature of the activity and the surgeon's guidance. Rehabilitation is an important part of recovery, and improvements may continue over several months.

• Before meeting an orthopaedic surgeon, consider preparing the following:
  • Previous knee X-rays, scans and medical reports.
  • A list of current medicines and known allergies.
  • Details of previous treatments, injections or physiotherapy.
  • Information about other medical conditions and past surgeries.
  • Questions about expected benefits, risks, alternatives, implant options and rehabilitation.

  You may also wish to ask about the anticipated hospital stay, follow-up schedule, rehabilitation arrangements and the estimated cost of treatment. Costs can vary depending on the patient's needs, implant selection, hospital stay and other services included in the treatment plan.

MAHI Hospitals is located at No. 118, Poonamallee High Road, Vepery, Chennai – 600084. Patients can contact the hospital to enquire about an orthopaedic consultation and the availability of knee replacement services.

Dr. Vijay Kumar Sohanlal is associated with orthopaedic and joint replacement care at MAHI Hospitals. His published professional profile lists MBBS and MS (Orthopaedics). Patients should confirm the available consultation arrangements and discuss their individual treatment needs with the clinical team.

A consultation can help determine whether total knee replacement, another treatment or further investigation is appropriate. The decision should be made after considering the patient's condition, preferences and the clinician's assessment.